Post by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. on Feb 2, 2023 12:41:50 GMT -6
LANCET JOURNAL “Unfettered flow”: how ProMED-mail keeps the world alert
THE LANCET
VOLUME 401, ISSUE 10373, P259-260, JANUARY 28, 2023
“Unfettered flow”: how ProMED-mail keeps the world alert
Talha Burki
Published: January 28, 2023DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00167-8
For almost 30 years, contributors to ProMED-mail have flagged new and emerging infectious threats to health. Talha Burki reports.
“’Have you heard of an epidemic in Guangzhou? An acquaintance of mine from a teacher's chat room lives there and reports that the hospitals there have been closed and people are dying.’ ProMED-mail appreciates the preliminary information above and would be grateful for any additional information. The etiology and extent of this apparent outbreak of pneumonia are unclear, as is whether the outbreak is secondary to influenza.”
ProMED-mail post (Feb 10, 2003)
The story of how Programme for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED)-mail alerted the world to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has attained something like folklore status in global health circles. An infectious disease specialist in Maryland, USA, forwarded an email from someone who had heard rumours of unusual goings-on in China. The ProMED moderator responded as ProMED moderators usually do when they receive unverified reports of disease outbreaks. They issued a request for information to the thousands of researchers, health-care workers, veterinarians, public health officials, journalists, and members of the public who subscribe to ProMED-mail. Within 24 hours, officials from Guangdong province, for which Guangzhou is the capital, publicly acknowledged for the first time 305 cases of the atypical pneumonia that became known as SARS. The ensuing epidemic infected more than 8000 people around the world and killed 774.
It was precisely the kind of scenario that Jack Woodall, Stephen Morse, and Barbara Hatch Rosenberg had in mind when they founded ProMED in 1994. SARS-CoV was a new virus spreading in human populations, yet it was not being publicised by local, national, or international authorities. It was not until after the ProMED-mail post that WHO received its first notification of the outbreak from the Chinese Ministry of Health. “WHO and other official sources are constrained in their reporting by the need for bureaucratic clearance”, Woodall pointed out in 2001. “ProMED-mail has no such constraints, and posts outbreak reports 7 days a week.” A 2017 study subsequently linked SARS-CoV to a set of very similar virus strains in a horseshoe bat population in Yunnan province, China. The authors noted that “the risk of spillover into people and emergence of a disease similar to SARS is possible”. Morse, who is now Professor of Epidemiology at the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, was the first to apply and explain the term emerging in connection with infectious diseases. The swashbuckling Woodall, who died in October, 2016, specialised in arboviruses. He coauthored one of the first papers on Zika virus. Rosenberg retired as Professor of Microbiology at the State University of New York, Purchase, NY, USA.
The concept of ProMED began to coalesce at a 1993 bioweapons conference. The next year, 40 attendees at a follow-up meeting signed up to an email list named ProMED-mail to share information on unusual outbreaks of disease. In 1999, ProMED became a programme of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.
Of the 1400 or so pathogens that infect humans, more than half are zoonotic, including the vast majority of newly emerged pathogens. From its inception, ProMED was underpinned by the notion of One Health. Emerging and re-emerging human, animal, and plant pathogens are all monitored. “One Health has been our guiding principle, the lens through which we have always viewed viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and disease outbreaks. We looped in veterinary and veterinarian scientists very early on”, said Lawrence Madoff, Editor of ProMED 2002–21 and now Editor Emeritus. The readership was not always appreciative. “To an extent, we were force-feeding people animal health”, said Madoff. “We had doctors saying ‘why do I need to know about bluetongue, or Johne's disease? What does it matter to me?’” he added.
Marjorie Pollack, former Deputy Editor at ProMED, initially paid scant attention to bovine spongiform encephalopathy. “It was all veterinary stuff, and I would barely glance at it”, she recalled. “But when variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease suddenly emerged, I went back over the earlier posts; that was when I realised I needed to be reading about everything that was happening in the animal world.” “COVID-19 has really amplified the message of One Health as it relates to zoonotic diseases. We have watched SARS-CoV-2 spill into human populations from animals and back again”, added Madoff. “Who could have predicted that mink or white-tailed deer would feature in a human pandemic?”
ProMED employs dozens of subject matter experts from around the world. These are specialists in fields such as virology, parasitology, epidemiology, entomology, and veterinary and plant diseases who are paid a stipend and act as moderators, screening and commenting upon reports submitted to ProMED. They also track disease outbreaks using social media and the internet, news reports, press releases, and government statements. “ProMED has always been about transparency”, said Madoff. “It is free to subscribe and anyone can submit a report, confidentially if they wish. We are not beholden to any government or organisation.”
For the week of Jan 16–22 2023, ProMED posts included two cases of brucellosis in French Guinea caused by a novel species of brucella; an outbreak of diphtheria in Nigeria; and updates on the situation with COVID-19 and mpox. There were also reports on foot and mouth disease in livestock in Iraq and Jordan; Newcastle disease in French poultry; and suspected squirrelpox in Scotland. A link to a news report from an agricultural radio network highlighted the emergence of mysterious leaf spots on maize fields in the American midwest. Sources included a range of news outlets, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, the World Animal Health Information System, and several academic journals.
Given the welter of information, it can be tricky to decipher what is important and what is not. “We have experts involved at all levels of discovery. They are very good at recognising patterns and aberrations”, said Madoff. A post made on Dec 30, 2019, provides a vivid example:
“The type of social media activity that is now surrounding this event is very reminiscent of the original ‘rumors’ that accompanied the SARS-CoV outbreak… More information on this outbreak including demographics of cases, possible known common contacts, and a clinical description of the illness would be greatly appreciated. And if results of testing are released.”
ProMED-mail post (Dec 30, 2019)
The moderator who made the comment was Pollack. “I checked my email after dinner and one of my colleagues in Taiwan had sent me a Chinese language social media report about a disease outbreak in Wuhan, China. For the next hour and a half we went searching for a second, independent source. As far as I was concerned, this was SARS-like until proven otherwise”, she said. At the same time, an artificial intelligence system based in the USA issued its own alert on the outbreak. Yet it only rated it 3 out of 5 for seriousness.
Prof Sir Ali Zumla, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University College London, London, UK, said: “It has been extremely useful for us working in the One Health field to have event-based surveillance and possible epidemic intelligence conveyed rapidly with a daily follow-up by ProMED.” “There is an honest, frank, and unfettered flow of information free from political constraints and without being subject to delay or suppression of reporting by governments”, Zumla added. SARS might be the most famous example of ProMED being the first, or among the first, to draw attention to a disease outbreak, but there are plenty of others, some relatively small, such as meningococcal meningitis in Vietnamese immigrants in Russia (1997), others more sizeable. After ProMED posted on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 2012, the Saudi Government issued a notice to the website.
As ProMED approaches its 30th anniversary, the prospects for its future are uncertain. Although it only costs around US$1 million per year to run, it has always struggled to obtain funding. Donor organisations can be reluctant to pay for salaries, stipends, and recurring costs such as those associated with informational technology, though these are the largest expense for ProMED. “Philanthropists are always looking to fund the next big thing, new and shiny initiatives involving machine-learning or artificial intelligence, and ProMED has been around for a long time now, operating in more or less the same way, so it sometimes gets overshadowed”, said Madoff. There are other organisations that are involved in monitoring disease outbreaks, but none of them are purely crowdsourced, as ProMED continues to be.
“Our moderator core is incredibly valuable; working with all these diseases for so many years allows you to develop a feel for when something is going on”, Pollack told The Lancet. “It was my gut that told me that we should be worried about what was happening in Wuhan in late 2019.” Perhaps disease surveillance is as much art as it is science.
Published: 28 January 2023
Identification
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00167-8
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ScienceDirect
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)00167-8/fulltext
BRAVO!
ProMED has done an incredible job at keeping up with the many different diseases and pathogens that are dangerous around the Globe over the decades, including the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion diseases aka mad cow type diseases, MANY THANKS! Miss old Jack Woodall though...
kind regards, terry
p.s. i have made a few posts to ProMED et al over time, here are a few...
communicated by Singeltary et al...
One World - One Early Warning Warning System
Jack Woodall Woodall
Nucleus Nucleus for Investigating Investigating Emerging Emerging Infectious Infectious Diseases Diseases
Institute Institute of Medical Medical Biochemistry Biochemistry
Federal Federal University University of Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, MOOSE CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, MOOSE
–
USA (COLORADO) USA (COLORADO)
****************** ******************
Source: Colorado DN : Colorado DNR [edited]
<http://dnr.state.c/dnr.state.co.us/news/press.aspws/press.asp?pressid=3645 >
www.oneworldonehealth.org/nov2005/pdfs/woodall.pdf
Published Date: 2006-05-02 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (AL)(02)
Archive Number: 20060503.1280
BSE, BOVINE - USA (ALABAMA) (02)
Date: 20 Date: 20 Sep 2005
From: Terry S. Singelta Singeltary Sr. <flounder9@VERIZON.NET flounder9@VERIZON.NET
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060503.1280
Published Date: 2006-05-02 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (AL)(02)
Archive Number: 20060503.1280
BSE, BOVINE - USA (ALABAMA) (02)
*********************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 3 May 2006
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@VERIZON.NET>
Source: USDA [edited]
<http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/content/2006/05/alepi.shtml>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060503.1280
Published Date: 2006-05-31 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - USA: atypical strain
Archive Number: 20060601.1525
BSE, BOVINE - USA: ATYPICAL STRAIN
**********************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail, a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 31 May 2006
From: Terry S. Singletary<flounder9@verison.net> a
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060601.1525
Published Date: 2006-06-06 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - USA: atypical strain (02)
Archive Number: 20060607.1588
BSE, BOVINE - USA: ATYPICAL STRAIN (02)
***************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
[1]
Date: Tue 6 Jun 2006
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@verizon.net>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060607.1588
Published Date: 2006-06-20 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - USA: feed recall
Archive Number: 20060621.1718
BSE, BOVINE - USA: FEED RECALL
*******************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 21 Jun 2006
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@verizon.net>
Mad Cow Feed Recall, USA, Albertville, AL, 16 Jun 2006; Feed Recalled
Over Mad Cow Violation
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060621.1718
Published Date: 2005-04-20 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE policy - USA: change considered (02)
Archive Number: 20050420.1105
BSE POLICY - USA: CHANGE CONSIDERED (02)
*******************************************
A ProMED-maili post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail, a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org> [1]
Date: 18 Apr 2005
From: Terry S Singeltary Sr <flounder@wt.net>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20050420.1105
Published Date: 2005-07-10 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (TX)(11): testing Archive Number: 20050710.1963
BSE, BOVINE - USA (TEXAS) (11): TESTING
*************************************
A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org> Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of The International Journal of Infectious Diseases <http://tinyurl.com/bj3md>
Date: 10 Jul 2005
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@verizon.net>
Mad cow tests on 29 cattle negative; results are pending on 38 other animals, USDA says
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20050710.1963
Published Date: 2012-05-01 07:24:58 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (04): (CA)
Archive Number: 20120501.1119136
BSE, BOVINE - USA (04): (CALIFORNIA)
************************************
A ProMED-mail post
www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
www.isid.org
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20120501.1119136
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20160319.4105181
Published Date: 2011-11-07 13:37:21 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Prion disease update 2011 (10)
Archive Number: 20111107.3317
PRION DISEASE UPDATE 2011 (10)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20111107.3317
Archive Number 20101206.4364 Published Date 06-DEC-2010 Subject PRO/AH/EDR>
Prion disease update 2010 (11) PRION DISEASE UPDATE 2010 (11)
www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=20101206.4364
Published Date: 2010-03-11 13:00:03 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada: (AB)
Archive Number: 20100311.0792
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA: (ALBERTA)
*******************************
A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
[1] Date: 25 Feb 2010 Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency [edited] <http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/rep/2010bseesbe.shtml>
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) cases have been confirmed in Canada in 2010. BSE is a reportable disease under the "Health of Animals Regulations." This means that all suspected cases must be reported to the CFIA. The following table lists individual animals confirmed to be infected with BSE in Canada in 2010, updated 28 Feb 2010:
Date confirmed: 25 Feb 2010 Location: Alberta Animal type infected: Beef cow Age of animal: 72 months
-- Communicated by: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <flounder9@verizon.net>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100311.0792
Published Date: 2010-03-11 13:00:03 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada: (AB) Archive Number: 20100311.0792
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA: (ALBERTA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100311.0792
Published Date: 2008-08-19 06:00:29 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada (03): (AB)
Archive Number: 20080819.2580
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA (03): (ALBERTA)
************************************
A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
[1] Date: Fri 15 Aug 2008 Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) [edited] <http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/ab2008/14notavie.shtml>
BSE [bovine spongiform encephalopathy] case confirmed in Alberta
----------------------------------------------------------------
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has confirmed bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in a 6-year-old beef cow from Alberta. No part of the animal's carcass entered the human food or animal feed systems.
The animal's birth farm has been identified, and an investigation is underway. The CFIA is tracing the animal's herdmates at the time of birth and examining possible sources of infection. The age and location of the infected animal are consistent with previous cases detected in Canada.
This case was detected through the national BSE surveillance program, which has been highly successful in demonstrating the low level of BSE in Canada. The program continues to play an important role in Canada's strategy to manage BSE.
Canada remains a Controlled Risk country for BSE, as recognized by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Accordingly, this case should not affect exports of Canadian cattle or beef.
For information: Canadian Food Inspection Agency Media relations: 613-228-6682
-- Communicated by: Terry S Singeltary Sr <flounder9@verizon.net>
******
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20080819.2580
Published Date: 2008-06-23 16:00:26 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada (02): (BC)
Archive Number: 20080623.1941
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA (02): (BRITISH COLUMBIA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20080623.1941
CJD UPDATE DECEMBER 12, 2008
www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2009/12/dl/s1210-8d18.pdf
Published Date: 2007-12-23 12:00:23 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE - Japan: new case, milk replacers
Archive Number: 20071223.4122
BSE - JAPAN: NEW CASE, MILK REPLACERS
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=44661
CJD UPDATE DECEMBER 12, 2008
www.wam.go.jp/wamappl/bb11gs20.nsf/0/b2d79794e97ee63b4925768c00182790/$FILE/20091214_3shiryou2_8.pdf
2007 New Variant CJD update
www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2007/07/dl/s0725-5f_0063.pdf
Published Date: 2006-06-15 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (SD)
Archive Number: 20060616.1669
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (SOUTH DAKOTA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060616.1669
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (NEW MEXICO)
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
Date: 24 Jun 2005
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <flounder9@verizon.net>
Source: New Mexico Wildlife News, Mon, 27 Jun 2005 [edited]
<http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/0624CWDandcatfish.pdf>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20050628.1827
Published Date: 2015-12-04 12:04:47 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (18): (WI)
Archive Number: 20151204.3841002
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (18): (WISCONSIN)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20151204.3841002
Published Date: 2015-12-04 06:24:34 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (17): (MO)
Archive Number: 20151204.3839038
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (17): (MO)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20151204.3839038
Published Date: 2015-12-02 04:58:06 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (16): (MI)
Archive Number: 20151202.3833793
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (16): (MICHIGAN)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20151202.3833793
Published Date: 2014-10-25 12:20:49 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (03): (OH,WY)
Archive Number: 20141025.2901700
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (03): (OHIO, WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20141025.2901700
Published Date: 2011-01-05 17:50:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA: (WY)
Archive Number: 20110105.0054
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA: (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20110105.0054
Published Date: 2010-10-31 15:00:04 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (11): (WY)
Archive Number: 20101031.3948
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (11): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20101031.3948
Published Date: 2010-10-22 06:00:03 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (10): (WY)
Archive Number: 20101022.3822
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (10): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20101022.3822
Published Date: 2010-03-20 06:00:03 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - Canada: (AB) 2009
Archive Number: 20100320.0888
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - CANADA: (ALBERTA) 2009
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100320.0888
Published Date: 2010-03-13 11:00:03 CST
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (07): (KS)
Archive Number: 20100313.0814
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (07): (KANSAS)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100313.0814
Published Date: 2010-03-13 09:00:02 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (06): (UT) 1st elk
Archive Number: 20100313.0810
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (06): (UTAH) FIRST ELK
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100313.0810
Published Date: 2010-01-24 17:50:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (02): (VA)
Archive Number: 20100124.0261
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (02): (VIRGINIA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100124.0261
Published Date: 2009-10-31 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (08): (MN) depopulation
Archive Number: 20091031.3770
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (08): (MINNESOTA) DEPOPULATION
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20091031.3770
Published Date: 2009-10-14 22:00:15 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (07): (WY)
Archive Number: 20091015.3548
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (07): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20091015.3548
Published Date: 2009-06-01 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (04): (WV)
Archive Number: 20090601.2041
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (04): (WEST VIRGINIA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20090601.2041
Published Date: 2009-01-31 17:00:54 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA: (MN)
Archive Number: 20090131.0443
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA: (MINNESOTA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20090131.0443
Published Date: 2008-12-22 12:00:49 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (02): (WY)
Archive Number: 20081222.4032
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (02): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20081222.4032
Published Date: 2008-12-18 07:00:44 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (07): (WI)
Archive Number: 20081218.3982
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (07): (WISCONSIN)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20081218.3982
Published Date: 2008-10-18 09:00:34 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic Wasting Disease, Moose - USA (WY)
Archive Number: 20081018.3299
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, MOOSE - USA (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20081018.3299
Published Date: 2006-12-29 18:00:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (WY)(02)
Archive Number: 20061230.3653
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (WYOMING)(02)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20061230.3653
Published Date: 2006-10-12 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (WY)
Archive Number: 20061013.2935
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20061013.2935
Published Date: 2005-11-20 17:50:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease update 2005 (03)
Archive Number: 20051120.3372
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE UPDATE 2005 (03)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20051120.3372
ProMED Mail NEWS
Information related to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in deer posted on ProMED
2001
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_17.html
2002
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_16.html
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_15.html
2003
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_14.html
2004
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_13.html
2005
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_12.html
2006 AND 2007
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_11.html
2007 AND 2008 AND 2009
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_10.html
2009 AND 2010
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_9.html
2010 AND 2011
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_8.html
2012 AND 2013
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_7.html
2013 AND 2014 AND 2015
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_6.html
2015 AND 2016
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_5.html
2016
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_4.html
2016 AND 2017
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_3.html
2017 AND 2018
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_2.html
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_14.html
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PrP
chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/
BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE TSE PrP
bovineprp.blogspot.com/
cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/
Atypical BSE
bse-atypical.blogspot.com/
USA BSE RISK FACTORS
bseusa.blogspot.com/
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP
chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/
Scrapie TSE PrP
scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/
atypical Scrapie NOR98
nor-98.blogspot.com/
Camel Prion Disease
camelusprp.blogspot.com/
Animal Health Reports BSE, CWD, and Scrapie
animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE PrP
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/
CJD TEXAS
cjdtexas.blogspot.com/
Notice of Request To Renew an Approved Information Collection: Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027 Singeltary Submission
www.regulations.gov/comment/FSIS-2022-0027-0002
Singeltary further comments in attachment Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027
Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027 Singeltary Submission Attachment
downloads.regulations.gov/FSIS-2022-0027-0002/attachment_1.pdf
Monday, December 5, 2022
Notice of Request To Renew an Approved Information Collection: Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027 Singeltary Submission
specifiedriskmaterial.blogspot.com/2022/12/notice-of-request-to-renew-approved.html
Control of Chronic Wasting Disease OMB Control Number: 0579-0189 APHIS-2021-0004 Singeltary Submission
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0004-0002
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0004-0002/attachment_1.pdf
Docket No. APHIS-2018-0011 Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification
www.regulations.gov/document/APHIS-2018-0011-0003
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0011-0003/attachment_1.pdf
APHIS Indemnity Regulations [Docket No. APHIS-2021-0010] RIN 0579-AE65 Singeltary Comment Submission Singeltary Sr., Terry
Sep 8, 2022
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0010-0003
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0010-0003/attachment_1.pdf
Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 0500 EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
2003D-0186 Guidance for Industry: Use of Material From Deer and Elk In Animal Feed
EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011
www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
FSIS [Docket No. FSIS–2019–0021] Notice of Request To Renew an Approved Information Collection: Specified Risk Materials Singeltary Submission
downloads.regulations.gov/FSIS-2019-0021-0002/attachment_1.pdf
www.regulations.gov/comment/FSIS-2019-0021-0002
specifiedriskmaterial.blogspot.com/2019/09/fsis-docket-no-fsis20190021-notice-of.html
Sunday, January 10, 2021
APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087] Singeltary Submission June 17, 2019
APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087] Singeltary Submission
Greetings APHIS et al,
I would kindly like to comment on APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087], and my comments are as follows, with the latest peer review and transmission studies as references of evidence.
THE OIE/USDA BSE Minimal Risk Region MRR is nothing more than free pass to import and export the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion disease. December 2003, when the USDA et al lost it's supposedly 'GOLD CARD' ie BSE FREE STATUS (that was based on nothing more than not looking and not finding BSE), once the USA lost it's gold card BSE Free status, the USDA OIE et al worked hard and fast to change the BSE Geographical Risk Statuses i.e. the BSE GBR's, and replaced it with the BSE MRR policy, the legal tool to trade mad cow type disease TSE Prion Globally. The USA is doing just what the UK did, when they shipped mad cow disease around the world, except with the BSE MRR policy, it's now legal.
Also, the whole concept of the BSE MRR policy is based on a false pretense, that atypical BSE is not transmissible, and that only typical c-BSE is transmissible via feed. This notion that atypical BSE TSE Prion is an old age cow disease that is not infectious is absolutely false, there is NO science to show this, and on the contrary, we now know that atypical BSE will transmit by ORAL ROUTES, but even much more concerning now, recent science has shown that Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion in deer and elk which is rampant with no stopping is sight in the USA, and Scrapie TSE Prion in sheep and goat, will transmit to PIGS by oral routes, this is our worst nightmare, showing even more risk factors for the USA FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban.
The FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban has failed terribly bad, and is still failing, since August 1997. there is tonnage and tonnage of banned potential mad cow feed that went into commerce, and still is, with one decade, 10 YEARS, post August 1997 FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban, 2007, with 10,000,000 POUNDS, with REASON, Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement. you can see all these feed ban warning letters and tonnage of mad cow feed in commerce, year after year, that is not accessible on the internet anymore like it use to be, you can see history of the FDA failure August 1997 FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban here, but remember this, we have a new outbreak of TSE Prion disease in a new livestock species, the camel, and this too is very worrisome.
WITH the OIE and the USDA et al weakening the global TSE prion surveillance, by not classifying the atypical Scrapie as TSE Prion disease, and the notion that they want to do the same thing with typical scrapie and atypical BSE, it's just not scientific.
WE MUST abolish the BSE MRR policy, go back to the BSE GBR risk assessments by country, and enhance them to include all strains of TSE Prion disease in all species. With Chronic Wasting CWD TSE Prion disease spreading in Europe, now including, Norway, Finland, Sweden, also in Korea, Canada and the USA, and the TSE Prion in Camels, the fact the the USA is feeding potentially CWD, Scrapie, BSE, typical and atypical, to other animals, and shipping both this feed and or live animals or even grains around the globe, potentially exposed or infected with the TSE Prion. this APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087], under it's present definition, does NOT show the true risk of the TSE Prion in any country. as i said, it's nothing more than a legal tool to trade the TSE Prion around the globe, nothing but ink on paper.
AS long as the BSE MRR policy stays in effect, TSE Prion disease will continued to be bought and sold as food for both humans and animals around the globe, and the future ramifications from friendly fire there from, i.e. iatrogenic exposure and transmission there from from all of the above, should not be underestimated. ...
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2018-0087-0002
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0087-0002/attachment_1.pdf
APHIS Indemnity Regulations [Docket No. APHIS-2021-0010] RIN 0579-AE65 Singeltary Comment Submission
Comment from Singeltary Sr., Terry
Posted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on Sep 8, 2022
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0010-0003
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0010-0003/attachment_1.pdf
Comments on technical aspects of the risk assessment were then submitted to FSIS.
Comments were received from Food and Water Watch, Food Animal Concerns Trust (FACT), Farm Sanctuary, R-CALF USA, Linda A Detwiler, and Terry S. Singeltary.
This document provides itemized replies to the public comments received on the 2005 updated Harvard BSE risk assessment. Please bear the following points in mind:
www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf
web.archive.org/web/20100304142653/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf
Owens, Julie From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder9@verizon.net]
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2006 1:09 PM To: FSIS RegulationsComments
Subject: [Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Page 1 of 98 8/3/2006
Greetings FSIS, I would kindly like to comment on the following ;
www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf
web.archive.org/web/20090801232225/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf
Suppressed peer review of Harvard study October 31, 2002.
October 31, 2002 Review of the Evaluation of the Potential for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the United States Conducted by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health and Center for Computational Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University Final Report Prepared for U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Office of Public Health and Science Prepared by RTI Health, Social, and Economics Research Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 RTI Project Number 07182.024
www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/BSE_Peer_Review.pdf
web.archive.org/web/20050308184249/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/BSE_Peer_Review.pdf
FULL TEXT OF GOA REPORT BELOW (takes a while to load)
2. Mad Cow Disease: Improvements in the Animal Feed Ban and Other Regulatory Areas Would Strengthen U.S. Prevention Efforts. GAO-02-183, January 25.
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-02-183
SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 2008
Qualitative Analysis of BSE Risk Factors in the United States February 13, 2000 at 3:37 pm PST (BSE red book)
bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/02/docket-no-fsis-2006-0011-fsis-harvard.html
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting October 28 and 29, 2010 (COMMENT SUBMISSION)
tseac.blogspot.com/2010/09/transmissible-spongiform_14.html
FULL TEXT OF GOA REPORT BELOW (takes a while to load)
2. Mad Cow Disease: Improvements in the Animal Feed Ban and Other Regulatory Areas Would Strengthen U.S. Prevention Efforts. GAO-02-183, January 25.
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-02-183
8 hr BSE confirmation turnaround took 7+ months to confirm this case, so the BSE MRR policy could be put into place. ...TSS
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: re-USDA's surveillance plan for BSE aka mad cow disease
Date: Mon, 02 May 2005 16:59:07 -0500
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
To: paffairs@oig.hhs.gov, HHSTips@oig.hhs.gov, contactOIG@hhsc.state.tx.us
Greetings Honorable Paul Feeney, Keith Arnold, and William Busbyet al at OIG, ...............
snip...
There will be several more emails of my research to follow. I respectfully request a full inquiry into the cover-up of TSEs in the United States of America over the past 30 years. I would be happy to testify...
Thank you, I am sincerely, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box , Bacliff, Texas USA 77518 xxx xxx xxxx
Date: June 14, 2005 at 1:46 pm PST
In Reply to:
Re: Transcript Ag. Secretary Mike Johanns and Dr. John Clifford, Regarding further analysis of BSE Inconclusive Test Results
posted by TSS on June 13, 2005 at 7:33 pm:
Secretary of Agriculture Ann M. Veneman resigns Nov 15 2004, three days later inclusive Mad Cow is announced. June 7th 2005 Bill Hawks Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs resigns. Three days later same mad cow found in November turns out to be positive. Both resignation are unexpected. just pondering... TSS
*** 2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006 ***
bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html
Suppressed peer review of Harvard study October 31, 2002
October 31, 2002
Review of the Evaluation of the Potential for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the United States Conducted by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health and Center for Computational Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University
Final Report
web.archive.org/web/20061005020902/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/BSE_Peer_Review.pdf
Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Update; Notice of Availability and Technical Meeting
Owens, Julie
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder9@verizon.net]
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2006 1:09 PM
To: FSIS RegulationsComments
Subject: [Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
web.archive.org/web/20090424070523/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf
Response to Public Comments on the Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Update,
October 31, 2005
INTRODUCTION
The United States Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) held a public meeting on July 25, 2006 in Washington, D.C. to present findings from the Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Update, October 31, 2005 (report and model located on the FSIS website: www.fsis.usda.gov/Science/Risk_Assessments/index.asp). Comments on technical aspects of the risk assessment were then submitted to FSIS. Comments were received from Food and Water Watch, Food Animal Concerns Trust (FACT), Farm Sanctuary, RCALF USA, Linda A Detwiler, and Terry S. Singeltary. This document provides itemized replies to the public comments received on the 2005 updated Harvard BSE risk assessment. Please bear the following points in mind:
web.archive.org/web/20090412200037/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf
03-025IFA
03-025IFA-2
Terry S. Singeltary
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder9@verizon.net]
Sent: Thursday, September 08, 2005 6:17 PM
To: fsis.regulationscomments@fsis.usda.gov
Subject: [Docket No. 03-025IFA] FSIS Prohibition of the Use of Specified Risk Materials for Human Food and Requirements for the Disposition of Non-Ambulatory Disabled Cattle
web.archive.org/web/20060316114732/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf
ONE final comment tonight, i just cannot take anymore. well, ill just let the facts speak for themselves, no need to even comment ;
Section 2. Testing Protocols and Quality Assurance Controls
In November 2004, USDA announced that its rapid screening test, Bio-Rad Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), produced an inconclusive BSE test result as part of its enhanced BSE surveillance program. The ELISA rapid screening test performed at a BSE contract laboratory produced three high positive reactive results.40 As required,41 the contract laboratory forwarded the inconclusive sample to the APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) for confirmatory testing. NVSL repeated the ELISA testing and again produced three high positive reactive results.42 In accordance with its established protocol, NVSL ran its confirmatory test, an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test, which was interpreted as negative for BSE. In addition, NVSL performed a histological43 examination of the tissue and did not detect lesions44 consistent with BSE.
Faced with conflicting results, NVSL scientists recommended additional testing to resolve the discrepancy but APHIS headquarters officials concluded no further testing was necessary because testing protocols were followed. In our discussions with APHIS officials, they justified their decision not to do additional testing because the IHC is internationally recognized as the "gold standard." Also, they believed that conducting additional tests would undermine confidence in USDA’s established testing protocols.
full text 130 pages ;
web.archive.org/web/20090411173629/http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf
PDF]Freas, William TSS SUBMISSION
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat -
Page 1. J Freas, William From: Sent: To: Subject: Terry S. Singeltary
Sr. [flounder@wt.net] Monday, January 08,200l 3:03 PM freas ...
web.archive.org/web/20170301223601/https://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/AC/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 2022
USDA Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE, Scrapie, CWD, Testing and Surveillance 2022 A Review of History
animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2022/11/usda-bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy.html
FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 2023
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCRAPIE IN THE UNITED STATES
scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2023/01/epidemiology-of-scrapie-in-united-states.html
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2022
SEAC SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Minutes of the 99th meeting held on 14th December 2007 Singeltary Submission
seac992007.blogspot.com/2022/12/seac-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory.html
Tuesday APRIL 05, 2022
Incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the United States 1993-2014
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/04/incidence-of-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease_5.html
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 02, 2022
Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease CJD TSE Prion December 2022 Annual Update
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/12/creutzfeldt-jacob-disease-cjd-tse-prion.html
SUNDAY, MAY 08, 2022
USA National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Surveillance Update April 11th, 2022
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/05/usa-national-prion-disease-pathology.html
TUESDAY, MAY 24, 2022
Texas Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update Singeltary FOIA Request Received May 23, 2022
cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2022/05/texas-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse.html
TUESDAY, MAY 10, 2022
Concordance of CSF RT-QuIC across the European Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease surveillance network
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/05/concordance-of-csf-rt-quic-across.html
Friday, DECEMBER 24, 2021
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update December 25, 2021
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2021/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse-prion.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
THE LANCET
VOLUME 401, ISSUE 10373, P259-260, JANUARY 28, 2023
“Unfettered flow”: how ProMED-mail keeps the world alert
Talha Burki
Published: January 28, 2023DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00167-8
For almost 30 years, contributors to ProMED-mail have flagged new and emerging infectious threats to health. Talha Burki reports.
“’Have you heard of an epidemic in Guangzhou? An acquaintance of mine from a teacher's chat room lives there and reports that the hospitals there have been closed and people are dying.’ ProMED-mail appreciates the preliminary information above and would be grateful for any additional information. The etiology and extent of this apparent outbreak of pneumonia are unclear, as is whether the outbreak is secondary to influenza.”
ProMED-mail post (Feb 10, 2003)
The story of how Programme for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED)-mail alerted the world to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has attained something like folklore status in global health circles. An infectious disease specialist in Maryland, USA, forwarded an email from someone who had heard rumours of unusual goings-on in China. The ProMED moderator responded as ProMED moderators usually do when they receive unverified reports of disease outbreaks. They issued a request for information to the thousands of researchers, health-care workers, veterinarians, public health officials, journalists, and members of the public who subscribe to ProMED-mail. Within 24 hours, officials from Guangdong province, for which Guangzhou is the capital, publicly acknowledged for the first time 305 cases of the atypical pneumonia that became known as SARS. The ensuing epidemic infected more than 8000 people around the world and killed 774.
It was precisely the kind of scenario that Jack Woodall, Stephen Morse, and Barbara Hatch Rosenberg had in mind when they founded ProMED in 1994. SARS-CoV was a new virus spreading in human populations, yet it was not being publicised by local, national, or international authorities. It was not until after the ProMED-mail post that WHO received its first notification of the outbreak from the Chinese Ministry of Health. “WHO and other official sources are constrained in their reporting by the need for bureaucratic clearance”, Woodall pointed out in 2001. “ProMED-mail has no such constraints, and posts outbreak reports 7 days a week.” A 2017 study subsequently linked SARS-CoV to a set of very similar virus strains in a horseshoe bat population in Yunnan province, China. The authors noted that “the risk of spillover into people and emergence of a disease similar to SARS is possible”. Morse, who is now Professor of Epidemiology at the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, was the first to apply and explain the term emerging in connection with infectious diseases. The swashbuckling Woodall, who died in October, 2016, specialised in arboviruses. He coauthored one of the first papers on Zika virus. Rosenberg retired as Professor of Microbiology at the State University of New York, Purchase, NY, USA.
The concept of ProMED began to coalesce at a 1993 bioweapons conference. The next year, 40 attendees at a follow-up meeting signed up to an email list named ProMED-mail to share information on unusual outbreaks of disease. In 1999, ProMED became a programme of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.
Of the 1400 or so pathogens that infect humans, more than half are zoonotic, including the vast majority of newly emerged pathogens. From its inception, ProMED was underpinned by the notion of One Health. Emerging and re-emerging human, animal, and plant pathogens are all monitored. “One Health has been our guiding principle, the lens through which we have always viewed viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and disease outbreaks. We looped in veterinary and veterinarian scientists very early on”, said Lawrence Madoff, Editor of ProMED 2002–21 and now Editor Emeritus. The readership was not always appreciative. “To an extent, we were force-feeding people animal health”, said Madoff. “We had doctors saying ‘why do I need to know about bluetongue, or Johne's disease? What does it matter to me?’” he added.
Marjorie Pollack, former Deputy Editor at ProMED, initially paid scant attention to bovine spongiform encephalopathy. “It was all veterinary stuff, and I would barely glance at it”, she recalled. “But when variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease suddenly emerged, I went back over the earlier posts; that was when I realised I needed to be reading about everything that was happening in the animal world.” “COVID-19 has really amplified the message of One Health as it relates to zoonotic diseases. We have watched SARS-CoV-2 spill into human populations from animals and back again”, added Madoff. “Who could have predicted that mink or white-tailed deer would feature in a human pandemic?”
ProMED employs dozens of subject matter experts from around the world. These are specialists in fields such as virology, parasitology, epidemiology, entomology, and veterinary and plant diseases who are paid a stipend and act as moderators, screening and commenting upon reports submitted to ProMED. They also track disease outbreaks using social media and the internet, news reports, press releases, and government statements. “ProMED has always been about transparency”, said Madoff. “It is free to subscribe and anyone can submit a report, confidentially if they wish. We are not beholden to any government or organisation.”
For the week of Jan 16–22 2023, ProMED posts included two cases of brucellosis in French Guinea caused by a novel species of brucella; an outbreak of diphtheria in Nigeria; and updates on the situation with COVID-19 and mpox. There were also reports on foot and mouth disease in livestock in Iraq and Jordan; Newcastle disease in French poultry; and suspected squirrelpox in Scotland. A link to a news report from an agricultural radio network highlighted the emergence of mysterious leaf spots on maize fields in the American midwest. Sources included a range of news outlets, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, the World Animal Health Information System, and several academic journals.
Given the welter of information, it can be tricky to decipher what is important and what is not. “We have experts involved at all levels of discovery. They are very good at recognising patterns and aberrations”, said Madoff. A post made on Dec 30, 2019, provides a vivid example:
“The type of social media activity that is now surrounding this event is very reminiscent of the original ‘rumors’ that accompanied the SARS-CoV outbreak… More information on this outbreak including demographics of cases, possible known common contacts, and a clinical description of the illness would be greatly appreciated. And if results of testing are released.”
ProMED-mail post (Dec 30, 2019)
The moderator who made the comment was Pollack. “I checked my email after dinner and one of my colleagues in Taiwan had sent me a Chinese language social media report about a disease outbreak in Wuhan, China. For the next hour and a half we went searching for a second, independent source. As far as I was concerned, this was SARS-like until proven otherwise”, she said. At the same time, an artificial intelligence system based in the USA issued its own alert on the outbreak. Yet it only rated it 3 out of 5 for seriousness.
Prof Sir Ali Zumla, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University College London, London, UK, said: “It has been extremely useful for us working in the One Health field to have event-based surveillance and possible epidemic intelligence conveyed rapidly with a daily follow-up by ProMED.” “There is an honest, frank, and unfettered flow of information free from political constraints and without being subject to delay or suppression of reporting by governments”, Zumla added. SARS might be the most famous example of ProMED being the first, or among the first, to draw attention to a disease outbreak, but there are plenty of others, some relatively small, such as meningococcal meningitis in Vietnamese immigrants in Russia (1997), others more sizeable. After ProMED posted on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 2012, the Saudi Government issued a notice to the website.
As ProMED approaches its 30th anniversary, the prospects for its future are uncertain. Although it only costs around US$1 million per year to run, it has always struggled to obtain funding. Donor organisations can be reluctant to pay for salaries, stipends, and recurring costs such as those associated with informational technology, though these are the largest expense for ProMED. “Philanthropists are always looking to fund the next big thing, new and shiny initiatives involving machine-learning or artificial intelligence, and ProMED has been around for a long time now, operating in more or less the same way, so it sometimes gets overshadowed”, said Madoff. There are other organisations that are involved in monitoring disease outbreaks, but none of them are purely crowdsourced, as ProMED continues to be.
“Our moderator core is incredibly valuable; working with all these diseases for so many years allows you to develop a feel for when something is going on”, Pollack told The Lancet. “It was my gut that told me that we should be worried about what was happening in Wuhan in late 2019.” Perhaps disease surveillance is as much art as it is science.
Published: 28 January 2023
Identification
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00167-8
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ScienceDirect
www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)00167-8/fulltext
BRAVO!
ProMED has done an incredible job at keeping up with the many different diseases and pathogens that are dangerous around the Globe over the decades, including the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion diseases aka mad cow type diseases, MANY THANKS! Miss old Jack Woodall though...
kind regards, terry
p.s. i have made a few posts to ProMED et al over time, here are a few...
communicated by Singeltary et al...
One World - One Early Warning Warning System
Jack Woodall Woodall
Nucleus Nucleus for Investigating Investigating Emerging Emerging Infectious Infectious Diseases Diseases
Institute Institute of Medical Medical Biochemistry Biochemistry
Federal Federal University University of Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, MOOSE CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, MOOSE
–
USA (COLORADO) USA (COLORADO)
****************** ******************
Source: Colorado DN : Colorado DNR [edited]
<http://dnr.state.c/dnr.state.co.us/news/press.aspws/press.asp?pressid=3645 >
www.oneworldonehealth.org/nov2005/pdfs/woodall.pdf
Published Date: 2006-05-02 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (AL)(02)
Archive Number: 20060503.1280
BSE, BOVINE - USA (ALABAMA) (02)
Date: 20 Date: 20 Sep 2005
From: Terry S. Singelta Singeltary Sr. <flounder9@VERIZON.NET flounder9@VERIZON.NET
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060503.1280
Published Date: 2006-05-02 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (AL)(02)
Archive Number: 20060503.1280
BSE, BOVINE - USA (ALABAMA) (02)
*********************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 3 May 2006
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@VERIZON.NET>
Source: USDA [edited]
<http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/content/2006/05/alepi.shtml>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060503.1280
Published Date: 2006-05-31 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - USA: atypical strain
Archive Number: 20060601.1525
BSE, BOVINE - USA: ATYPICAL STRAIN
**********************************
A ProMED-mail post
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ProMED-mail, a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 31 May 2006
From: Terry S. Singletary<flounder9@verison.net> a
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060601.1525
Published Date: 2006-06-06 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - USA: atypical strain (02)
Archive Number: 20060607.1588
BSE, BOVINE - USA: ATYPICAL STRAIN (02)
***************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
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[1]
Date: Tue 6 Jun 2006
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@verizon.net>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060607.1588
Published Date: 2006-06-20 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - USA: feed recall
Archive Number: 20060621.1718
BSE, BOVINE - USA: FEED RECALL
*******************************
A ProMED-mail post
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<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 21 Jun 2006
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@verizon.net>
Mad Cow Feed Recall, USA, Albertville, AL, 16 Jun 2006; Feed Recalled
Over Mad Cow Violation
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060621.1718
Published Date: 2005-04-20 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE policy - USA: change considered (02)
Archive Number: 20050420.1105
BSE POLICY - USA: CHANGE CONSIDERED (02)
*******************************************
A ProMED-maili post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail, a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org> [1]
Date: 18 Apr 2005
From: Terry S Singeltary Sr <flounder@wt.net>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20050420.1105
Published Date: 2005-07-10 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (TX)(11): testing Archive Number: 20050710.1963
BSE, BOVINE - USA (TEXAS) (11): TESTING
*************************************
A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org> Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of The International Journal of Infectious Diseases <http://tinyurl.com/bj3md>
Date: 10 Jul 2005
From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@verizon.net>
Mad cow tests on 29 cattle negative; results are pending on 38 other animals, USDA says
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20050710.1963
Published Date: 2012-05-01 07:24:58 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> BSE, bovine - USA (04): (CA)
Archive Number: 20120501.1119136
BSE, BOVINE - USA (04): (CALIFORNIA)
************************************
A ProMED-mail post
www.promedmail.org
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www.isid.org
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20120501.1119136
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20160319.4105181
Published Date: 2011-11-07 13:37:21 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Prion disease update 2011 (10)
Archive Number: 20111107.3317
PRION DISEASE UPDATE 2011 (10)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20111107.3317
Archive Number 20101206.4364 Published Date 06-DEC-2010 Subject PRO/AH/EDR>
Prion disease update 2010 (11) PRION DISEASE UPDATE 2010 (11)
www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=20101206.4364
Published Date: 2010-03-11 13:00:03 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada: (AB)
Archive Number: 20100311.0792
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA: (ALBERTA)
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A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
[1] Date: 25 Feb 2010 Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency [edited] <http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/rep/2010bseesbe.shtml>
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) cases have been confirmed in Canada in 2010. BSE is a reportable disease under the "Health of Animals Regulations." This means that all suspected cases must be reported to the CFIA. The following table lists individual animals confirmed to be infected with BSE in Canada in 2010, updated 28 Feb 2010:
Date confirmed: 25 Feb 2010 Location: Alberta Animal type infected: Beef cow Age of animal: 72 months
-- Communicated by: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <flounder9@verizon.net>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100311.0792
Published Date: 2010-03-11 13:00:03 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada: (AB) Archive Number: 20100311.0792
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA: (ALBERTA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100311.0792
Published Date: 2008-08-19 06:00:29 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada (03): (AB)
Archive Number: 20080819.2580
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA (03): (ALBERTA)
************************************
A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
[1] Date: Fri 15 Aug 2008 Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) [edited] <http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/ab2008/14notavie.shtml>
BSE [bovine spongiform encephalopathy] case confirmed in Alberta
----------------------------------------------------------------
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has confirmed bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in a 6-year-old beef cow from Alberta. No part of the animal's carcass entered the human food or animal feed systems.
The animal's birth farm has been identified, and an investigation is underway. The CFIA is tracing the animal's herdmates at the time of birth and examining possible sources of infection. The age and location of the infected animal are consistent with previous cases detected in Canada.
This case was detected through the national BSE surveillance program, which has been highly successful in demonstrating the low level of BSE in Canada. The program continues to play an important role in Canada's strategy to manage BSE.
Canada remains a Controlled Risk country for BSE, as recognized by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Accordingly, this case should not affect exports of Canadian cattle or beef.
For information: Canadian Food Inspection Agency Media relations: 613-228-6682
-- Communicated by: Terry S Singeltary Sr <flounder9@verizon.net>
******
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20080819.2580
Published Date: 2008-06-23 16:00:26 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE, bovine - Canada (02): (BC)
Archive Number: 20080623.1941
BSE, BOVINE - CANADA (02): (BRITISH COLUMBIA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20080623.1941
CJD UPDATE DECEMBER 12, 2008
www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2009/12/dl/s1210-8d18.pdf
Published Date: 2007-12-23 12:00:23 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> BSE - Japan: new case, milk replacers
Archive Number: 20071223.4122
BSE - JAPAN: NEW CASE, MILK REPLACERS
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=44661
CJD UPDATE DECEMBER 12, 2008
www.wam.go.jp/wamappl/bb11gs20.nsf/0/b2d79794e97ee63b4925768c00182790/$FILE/20091214_3shiryou2_8.pdf
2007 New Variant CJD update
www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2007/07/dl/s0725-5f_0063.pdf
Published Date: 2006-06-15 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (SD)
Archive Number: 20060616.1669
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (SOUTH DAKOTA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20060616.1669
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (NEW MEXICO)
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
Date: 24 Jun 2005
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <flounder9@verizon.net>
Source: New Mexico Wildlife News, Mon, 27 Jun 2005 [edited]
<http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/0624CWDandcatfish.pdf>
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20050628.1827
Published Date: 2015-12-04 12:04:47 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (18): (WI)
Archive Number: 20151204.3841002
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (18): (WISCONSIN)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20151204.3841002
Published Date: 2015-12-04 06:24:34 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (17): (MO)
Archive Number: 20151204.3839038
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (17): (MO)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20151204.3839038
Published Date: 2015-12-02 04:58:06 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (16): (MI)
Archive Number: 20151202.3833793
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (16): (MICHIGAN)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20151202.3833793
Published Date: 2014-10-25 12:20:49 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (03): (OH,WY)
Archive Number: 20141025.2901700
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (03): (OHIO, WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20141025.2901700
Published Date: 2011-01-05 17:50:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA: (WY)
Archive Number: 20110105.0054
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA: (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20110105.0054
Published Date: 2010-10-31 15:00:04 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (11): (WY)
Archive Number: 20101031.3948
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (11): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20101031.3948
Published Date: 2010-10-22 06:00:03 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (10): (WY)
Archive Number: 20101022.3822
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (10): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20101022.3822
Published Date: 2010-03-20 06:00:03 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - Canada: (AB) 2009
Archive Number: 20100320.0888
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - CANADA: (ALBERTA) 2009
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100320.0888
Published Date: 2010-03-13 11:00:03 CST
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (07): (KS)
Archive Number: 20100313.0814
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (07): (KANSAS)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100313.0814
Published Date: 2010-03-13 09:00:02 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (06): (UT) 1st elk
Archive Number: 20100313.0810
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (06): (UTAH) FIRST ELK
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100313.0810
Published Date: 2010-01-24 17:50:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (02): (VA)
Archive Number: 20100124.0261
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVID - USA (02): (VIRGINIA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20100124.0261
Published Date: 2009-10-31 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (08): (MN) depopulation
Archive Number: 20091031.3770
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (08): (MINNESOTA) DEPOPULATION
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20091031.3770
Published Date: 2009-10-14 22:00:15 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (07): (WY)
Archive Number: 20091015.3548
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (07): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20091015.3548
Published Date: 2009-06-01 18:50:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (04): (WV)
Archive Number: 20090601.2041
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (04): (WEST VIRGINIA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20090601.2041
Published Date: 2009-01-31 17:00:54 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA: (MN)
Archive Number: 20090131.0443
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA: (MINNESOTA)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20090131.0443
Published Date: 2008-12-22 12:00:49 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (02): (WY)
Archive Number: 20081222.4032
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (02): (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20081222.4032
Published Date: 2008-12-18 07:00:44 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (07): (WI)
Archive Number: 20081218.3982
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (07): (WISCONSIN)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20081218.3982
Published Date: 2008-10-18 09:00:34 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic Wasting Disease, Moose - USA (WY)
Archive Number: 20081018.3299
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, MOOSE - USA (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20081018.3299
Published Date: 2006-12-29 18:00:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (WY)(02)
Archive Number: 20061230.3653
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (WYOMING)(02)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20061230.3653
Published Date: 2006-10-12 19:00:00 CDT
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease, cervids - USA (WY)
Archive Number: 20061013.2935
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE, CERVIDS - USA (WYOMING)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20061013.2935
Published Date: 2005-11-20 17:50:00 CST
Subject: PRO/AH> Chronic wasting disease update 2005 (03)
Archive Number: 20051120.3372
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE UPDATE 2005 (03)
promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=20051120.3372
ProMED Mail NEWS
Information related to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in deer posted on ProMED
2001
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_17.html
2002
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_16.html
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_15.html
2003
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_14.html
2004
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_13.html
2005
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_12.html
2006 AND 2007
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_11.html
2007 AND 2008 AND 2009
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_10.html
2009 AND 2010
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_9.html
2010 AND 2011
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_8.html
2012 AND 2013
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_7.html
2013 AND 2014 AND 2015
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_6.html
2015 AND 2016
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_5.html
2016
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_4.html
2016 AND 2017
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_3.html
2017 AND 2018
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_2.html
www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/niah/bse/pro_med_cwd/index_14.html
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PrP
chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/
BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE TSE PrP
bovineprp.blogspot.com/
cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/
Atypical BSE
bse-atypical.blogspot.com/
USA BSE RISK FACTORS
bseusa.blogspot.com/
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP
chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/
Scrapie TSE PrP
scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/
atypical Scrapie NOR98
nor-98.blogspot.com/
Camel Prion Disease
camelusprp.blogspot.com/
Animal Health Reports BSE, CWD, and Scrapie
animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE PrP
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/
CJD TEXAS
cjdtexas.blogspot.com/
Notice of Request To Renew an Approved Information Collection: Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027 Singeltary Submission
www.regulations.gov/comment/FSIS-2022-0027-0002
Singeltary further comments in attachment Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027
Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027 Singeltary Submission Attachment
downloads.regulations.gov/FSIS-2022-0027-0002/attachment_1.pdf
Monday, December 5, 2022
Notice of Request To Renew an Approved Information Collection: Specified Risk Materials DOCKET NUMBER Docket No. FSIS-2022-0027 Singeltary Submission
specifiedriskmaterial.blogspot.com/2022/12/notice-of-request-to-renew-approved.html
Control of Chronic Wasting Disease OMB Control Number: 0579-0189 APHIS-2021-0004 Singeltary Submission
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0004-0002
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0004-0002/attachment_1.pdf
Docket No. APHIS-2018-0011 Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification
www.regulations.gov/document/APHIS-2018-0011-0003
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0011-0003/attachment_1.pdf
APHIS Indemnity Regulations [Docket No. APHIS-2021-0010] RIN 0579-AE65 Singeltary Comment Submission Singeltary Sr., Terry
Sep 8, 2022
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0010-0003
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0010-0003/attachment_1.pdf
Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 0500 EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
2003D-0186 Guidance for Industry: Use of Material From Deer and Elk In Animal Feed
EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011
www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
FSIS [Docket No. FSIS–2019–0021] Notice of Request To Renew an Approved Information Collection: Specified Risk Materials Singeltary Submission
downloads.regulations.gov/FSIS-2019-0021-0002/attachment_1.pdf
www.regulations.gov/comment/FSIS-2019-0021-0002
specifiedriskmaterial.blogspot.com/2019/09/fsis-docket-no-fsis20190021-notice-of.html
Sunday, January 10, 2021
APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087] Singeltary Submission June 17, 2019
APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087] Singeltary Submission
Greetings APHIS et al,
I would kindly like to comment on APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087], and my comments are as follows, with the latest peer review and transmission studies as references of evidence.
THE OIE/USDA BSE Minimal Risk Region MRR is nothing more than free pass to import and export the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion disease. December 2003, when the USDA et al lost it's supposedly 'GOLD CARD' ie BSE FREE STATUS (that was based on nothing more than not looking and not finding BSE), once the USA lost it's gold card BSE Free status, the USDA OIE et al worked hard and fast to change the BSE Geographical Risk Statuses i.e. the BSE GBR's, and replaced it with the BSE MRR policy, the legal tool to trade mad cow type disease TSE Prion Globally. The USA is doing just what the UK did, when they shipped mad cow disease around the world, except with the BSE MRR policy, it's now legal.
Also, the whole concept of the BSE MRR policy is based on a false pretense, that atypical BSE is not transmissible, and that only typical c-BSE is transmissible via feed. This notion that atypical BSE TSE Prion is an old age cow disease that is not infectious is absolutely false, there is NO science to show this, and on the contrary, we now know that atypical BSE will transmit by ORAL ROUTES, but even much more concerning now, recent science has shown that Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion in deer and elk which is rampant with no stopping is sight in the USA, and Scrapie TSE Prion in sheep and goat, will transmit to PIGS by oral routes, this is our worst nightmare, showing even more risk factors for the USA FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban.
The FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban has failed terribly bad, and is still failing, since August 1997. there is tonnage and tonnage of banned potential mad cow feed that went into commerce, and still is, with one decade, 10 YEARS, post August 1997 FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban, 2007, with 10,000,000 POUNDS, with REASON, Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement. you can see all these feed ban warning letters and tonnage of mad cow feed in commerce, year after year, that is not accessible on the internet anymore like it use to be, you can see history of the FDA failure August 1997 FDA PART 589 TSE PRION FEED ban here, but remember this, we have a new outbreak of TSE Prion disease in a new livestock species, the camel, and this too is very worrisome.
WITH the OIE and the USDA et al weakening the global TSE prion surveillance, by not classifying the atypical Scrapie as TSE Prion disease, and the notion that they want to do the same thing with typical scrapie and atypical BSE, it's just not scientific.
WE MUST abolish the BSE MRR policy, go back to the BSE GBR risk assessments by country, and enhance them to include all strains of TSE Prion disease in all species. With Chronic Wasting CWD TSE Prion disease spreading in Europe, now including, Norway, Finland, Sweden, also in Korea, Canada and the USA, and the TSE Prion in Camels, the fact the the USA is feeding potentially CWD, Scrapie, BSE, typical and atypical, to other animals, and shipping both this feed and or live animals or even grains around the globe, potentially exposed or infected with the TSE Prion. this APHIS Concurrence With OIE Risk Designation for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2018-0087], under it's present definition, does NOT show the true risk of the TSE Prion in any country. as i said, it's nothing more than a legal tool to trade the TSE Prion around the globe, nothing but ink on paper.
AS long as the BSE MRR policy stays in effect, TSE Prion disease will continued to be bought and sold as food for both humans and animals around the globe, and the future ramifications from friendly fire there from, i.e. iatrogenic exposure and transmission there from from all of the above, should not be underestimated. ...
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2018-0087-0002
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2018-0087-0002/attachment_1.pdf
APHIS Indemnity Regulations [Docket No. APHIS-2021-0010] RIN 0579-AE65 Singeltary Comment Submission
Comment from Singeltary Sr., Terry
Posted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on Sep 8, 2022
www.regulations.gov/comment/APHIS-2021-0010-0003
downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2021-0010-0003/attachment_1.pdf
Comments on technical aspects of the risk assessment were then submitted to FSIS.
Comments were received from Food and Water Watch, Food Animal Concerns Trust (FACT), Farm Sanctuary, R-CALF USA, Linda A Detwiler, and Terry S. Singeltary.
This document provides itemized replies to the public comments received on the 2005 updated Harvard BSE risk assessment. Please bear the following points in mind:
www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf
web.archive.org/web/20100304142653/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf
Owens, Julie From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder9@verizon.net]
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2006 1:09 PM To: FSIS RegulationsComments
Subject: [Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Page 1 of 98 8/3/2006
Greetings FSIS, I would kindly like to comment on the following ;
www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf
web.archive.org/web/20090801232225/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf
Suppressed peer review of Harvard study October 31, 2002.
October 31, 2002 Review of the Evaluation of the Potential for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the United States Conducted by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health and Center for Computational Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University Final Report Prepared for U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Office of Public Health and Science Prepared by RTI Health, Social, and Economics Research Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 RTI Project Number 07182.024
www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/BSE_Peer_Review.pdf
web.archive.org/web/20050308184249/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/BSE_Peer_Review.pdf
FULL TEXT OF GOA REPORT BELOW (takes a while to load)
2. Mad Cow Disease: Improvements in the Animal Feed Ban and Other Regulatory Areas Would Strengthen U.S. Prevention Efforts. GAO-02-183, January 25.
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-02-183
SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 2008
Qualitative Analysis of BSE Risk Factors in the United States February 13, 2000 at 3:37 pm PST (BSE red book)
bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/02/docket-no-fsis-2006-0011-fsis-harvard.html
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting October 28 and 29, 2010 (COMMENT SUBMISSION)
tseac.blogspot.com/2010/09/transmissible-spongiform_14.html
FULL TEXT OF GOA REPORT BELOW (takes a while to load)
2. Mad Cow Disease: Improvements in the Animal Feed Ban and Other Regulatory Areas Would Strengthen U.S. Prevention Efforts. GAO-02-183, January 25.
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-02-183
8 hr BSE confirmation turnaround took 7+ months to confirm this case, so the BSE MRR policy could be put into place. ...TSS
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: re-USDA's surveillance plan for BSE aka mad cow disease
Date: Mon, 02 May 2005 16:59:07 -0500
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
To: paffairs@oig.hhs.gov, HHSTips@oig.hhs.gov, contactOIG@hhsc.state.tx.us
Greetings Honorable Paul Feeney, Keith Arnold, and William Busbyet al at OIG, ...............
snip...
There will be several more emails of my research to follow. I respectfully request a full inquiry into the cover-up of TSEs in the United States of America over the past 30 years. I would be happy to testify...
Thank you, I am sincerely, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box , Bacliff, Texas USA 77518 xxx xxx xxxx
Date: June 14, 2005 at 1:46 pm PST
In Reply to:
Re: Transcript Ag. Secretary Mike Johanns and Dr. John Clifford, Regarding further analysis of BSE Inconclusive Test Results
posted by TSS on June 13, 2005 at 7:33 pm:
Secretary of Agriculture Ann M. Veneman resigns Nov 15 2004, three days later inclusive Mad Cow is announced. June 7th 2005 Bill Hawks Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs resigns. Three days later same mad cow found in November turns out to be positive. Both resignation are unexpected. just pondering... TSS
*** 2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006 ***
bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html
Suppressed peer review of Harvard study October 31, 2002
October 31, 2002
Review of the Evaluation of the Potential for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the United States Conducted by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health and Center for Computational Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University
Final Report
web.archive.org/web/20061005020902/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/BSE_Peer_Review.pdf
Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Update; Notice of Availability and Technical Meeting
Owens, Julie
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder9@verizon.net]
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2006 1:09 PM
To: FSIS RegulationsComments
Subject: [Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
web.archive.org/web/20090424070523/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf
Response to Public Comments on the Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Update,
October 31, 2005
INTRODUCTION
The United States Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) held a public meeting on July 25, 2006 in Washington, D.C. to present findings from the Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Update, October 31, 2005 (report and model located on the FSIS website: www.fsis.usda.gov/Science/Risk_Assessments/index.asp). Comments on technical aspects of the risk assessment were then submitted to FSIS. Comments were received from Food and Water Watch, Food Animal Concerns Trust (FACT), Farm Sanctuary, RCALF USA, Linda A Detwiler, and Terry S. Singeltary. This document provides itemized replies to the public comments received on the 2005 updated Harvard BSE risk assessment. Please bear the following points in mind:
web.archive.org/web/20090412200037/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/BSE_Risk_Assess_Response_Public_Comments.pdf
03-025IFA
03-025IFA-2
Terry S. Singeltary
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder9@verizon.net]
Sent: Thursday, September 08, 2005 6:17 PM
To: fsis.regulationscomments@fsis.usda.gov
Subject: [Docket No. 03-025IFA] FSIS Prohibition of the Use of Specified Risk Materials for Human Food and Requirements for the Disposition of Non-Ambulatory Disabled Cattle
web.archive.org/web/20060316114732/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf
ONE final comment tonight, i just cannot take anymore. well, ill just let the facts speak for themselves, no need to even comment ;
Section 2. Testing Protocols and Quality Assurance Controls
In November 2004, USDA announced that its rapid screening test, Bio-Rad Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), produced an inconclusive BSE test result as part of its enhanced BSE surveillance program. The ELISA rapid screening test performed at a BSE contract laboratory produced three high positive reactive results.40 As required,41 the contract laboratory forwarded the inconclusive sample to the APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) for confirmatory testing. NVSL repeated the ELISA testing and again produced three high positive reactive results.42 In accordance with its established protocol, NVSL ran its confirmatory test, an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test, which was interpreted as negative for BSE. In addition, NVSL performed a histological43 examination of the tissue and did not detect lesions44 consistent with BSE.
Faced with conflicting results, NVSL scientists recommended additional testing to resolve the discrepancy but APHIS headquarters officials concluded no further testing was necessary because testing protocols were followed. In our discussions with APHIS officials, they justified their decision not to do additional testing because the IHC is internationally recognized as the "gold standard." Also, they believed that conducting additional tests would undermine confidence in USDA’s established testing protocols.
full text 130 pages ;
web.archive.org/web/20090411173629/http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf
PDF]Freas, William TSS SUBMISSION
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat -
Page 1. J Freas, William From: Sent: To: Subject: Terry S. Singeltary
Sr. [flounder@wt.net] Monday, January 08,200l 3:03 PM freas ...
web.archive.org/web/20170301223601/https://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/AC/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 2022
USDA Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE, Scrapie, CWD, Testing and Surveillance 2022 A Review of History
animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2022/11/usda-bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy.html
FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 2023
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCRAPIE IN THE UNITED STATES
scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2023/01/epidemiology-of-scrapie-in-united-states.html
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2022
SEAC SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Minutes of the 99th meeting held on 14th December 2007 Singeltary Submission
seac992007.blogspot.com/2022/12/seac-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory.html
Tuesday APRIL 05, 2022
Incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the United States 1993-2014
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/04/incidence-of-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease_5.html
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 02, 2022
Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease CJD TSE Prion December 2022 Annual Update
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/12/creutzfeldt-jacob-disease-cjd-tse-prion.html
SUNDAY, MAY 08, 2022
USA National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center Surveillance Update April 11th, 2022
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/05/usa-national-prion-disease-pathology.html
TUESDAY, MAY 24, 2022
Texas Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update Singeltary FOIA Request Received May 23, 2022
cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2022/05/texas-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse.html
TUESDAY, MAY 10, 2022
Concordance of CSF RT-QuIC across the European Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease surveillance network
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2022/05/concordance-of-csf-rt-quic-across.html
Friday, DECEMBER 24, 2021
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update December 25, 2021
creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2021/12/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-tse-prion.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.