Post by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. on Jul 8, 2023 9:15:52 GMT -6
Detection of infectious prions in tissues of feral hogs
PAULINA SOTO1,2, Francisca Bravo-Risi3,4, Rebeca Benavente3, Michael J. Bodenchuk5, Patrick Whitley Whitley6, Clint Turnage6, Tracy A Nichols7, Terry Spraker, Vienna R Brown6, Rodrigo Morales1,2
1Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA. 2Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile. 3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Chile. 4Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santigo, Chile. 5United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, San Antonio, USA. 6USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, USA. 7Veterinary Services Cervid Health Program, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, USA
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the prion disease with the greatest potential for spreading, affecting at least seven cervid species. An essential feature of prions lies in their ability to infect some species and not others. This phenomenon, known as a species barrier, seems to be largely dictated by the similarities between the donor (infectious) and recipient prion protein (PrP) sequences. Considering this, some potentially susceptible carnivores are proposed to act as vectors of CWD transmission as they may get infected. Alternatively, predators or scavengers may not get infected but spread infectious particles after they cross their digestive tracts. This project aims to identify the presence of infectious prions in feral hogs living in CWD-endemic areas. To do this, PMCA seeding activity was analyzed on feral hogs tissues such as the brain and retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes using homologous pig PrP substrate or heterologous deer PrP substrate. We furthe!
r injected selected feral hogs tissues into mice expressing the cervid and porcine versions of the prion protein to assess their potential to transmit disease. Our results show positive in vitro PrPSc detection using porcine and cervid substrates. The considerably higher detection using cervid substrate suggests that although feral hogs are exposed to CWD prions, disease transmission is inefficient. Bioassays confirmed these results and demonstrated that the infectivity carried by feral hogs is not enough to induce disease. In summary, these results suggest that feral hogs may play a role in disseminating CWD prions across the landscape.
***> In summary, these results suggest that feral hogs may play a role in disseminating CWD prions across the landscape.
=====END
intcwdsympo.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/final-agenda-with-abstracts.pdf?force_download=true
THURSDAY, MARCH 08, 2018
WILD HOGS AND CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION
i have been worried about this for some time, but i don't see why others are not worried as well. these feral hogs that run rampant across states, can dig up a great deal of territory. what else can they dig up? i.e. CWD TSE PRION, and can they spread cwd tse prion to hell and back?
CWD TO PIGS
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES
Location: Virus and Prion Research
Title: Disease-associated prion protein detected in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the agent of chronic wasting disease
Author item Moore, Sarah item Kunkle, Robert item Kondru, Naveen item Manne, Sireesha item Smith, Jodi item Kanthasamy, Anumantha item West Greenlee, M item Greenlee, Justin
Submitted to: Prion Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication Acceptance Date: 3/15/2017 Publication Date: N/A Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Aims: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a naturally-occurring, fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids. We previously demonstrated that disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) can be detected in the brain and retina from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent. In that study, neurological signs consistent with prion disease were observed only in one pig: an intracranially challenged pig that was euthanized at 64 months post-challenge. The purpose of this study was to use an antigen-capture immunoassay (EIA) and real-time quaking-induced conversion (QuIC) to determine whether PrPSc is present in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the CWD agent.
Methods: At two months of age, crossbred pigs were challenged by the intracranial route (n=20), oral route (n=19), or were left unchallenged (n=9). At approximately 6 months of age, the time at which commercial pigs reach market weight, half of the pigs in each group were culled (<6 challenge="" groups="" month="" pigs="" remaining="" the="">6 month challenge groups) were allowed to incubate for up to 73 months post challenge (mpc). The retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) was screened for the presence of PrPSc by EIA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The RPLN, palatine tonsil, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) from 6-7 pigs per challenge group were also tested using EIA and QuIC.
Results: PrPSc was not detected by EIA and IHC in any RPLNs. All tonsils and MLNs were negative by IHC, though the MLN from one pig in the oral <6 5="" 6="" at="" by="" detected="" eia.="" examined="" group="" in="" intracranial="" least="" lymphoid="" month="" months="" of="" one="" pigs="" positive="" prpsc="" quic="" the="" tissues="" was="">6 months group, 5/6 pigs in the oral <6 4="" and="" group="" months="" oral="">6 months group. Overall, the MLN was positive in 14/19 (74%) of samples examined, the RPLN in 8/18 (44%), and the tonsil in 10/25 (40%). Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge.
CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease.
Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains.
www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105
CONFIDENTIAL
EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
While this clearly is a cause for concern we should not jump to the conclusion that this means that pigs will necessarily be infected by bone and meat meal fed by the oral route as is the case with cattle. ...
web.archive.org/web/20031026000118/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/23004001.pdf
we cannot rule out the possibility that unrecognised subclinical spongiform encephalopathy could be present in British pigs though there is no evidence for this: only with parenteral/implantable pharmaceuticals/devices is the theoretical risk to humans of sufficient concern to consider any action.
web.archive.org/web/20030822031154/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/10007001.pdf
Our records show that while some use is made of porcine materials in medicinal products, the only products which would appear to be in a hypothetically ''higher risk'' area are the adrenocorticotrophic hormone for which the source material comes from outside the United Kingdom, namely America China Sweden France and Germany. The products are manufactured by Ferring and Armour. A further product, ''Zenoderm Corium implant'' manufactured by Ethicon, makes use of porcine skin - which is not considered to be a ''high risk'' tissue, but one of its uses is described in the data sheet as ''in dural replacement''. This product is sourced from the United Kingdom.....
web.archive.org/web/20030822054419/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/21009001.pdf
snip...see much more here ;
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 05, 2017
Disease-associated prion protein detected in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the agent of chronic wasting disease
Snip…see;
THURSDAY, MARCH 08, 2018
Cervid, Wild Hogs, Coyotes, Wolves, Cats, Rodents, Gut Piles and Scavengers, A Potential Risk as Regards Disease Transmission CWD TSE Prion
chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/cervid-wild-hogs-coyotes-wolves-cats.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
PAULINA SOTO1,2, Francisca Bravo-Risi3,4, Rebeca Benavente3, Michael J. Bodenchuk5, Patrick Whitley Whitley6, Clint Turnage6, Tracy A Nichols7, Terry Spraker, Vienna R Brown6, Rodrigo Morales1,2
1Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA. 2Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile. 3Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Chile. 4Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santigo, Chile. 5United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, San Antonio, USA. 6USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, USA. 7Veterinary Services Cervid Health Program, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, USA
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the prion disease with the greatest potential for spreading, affecting at least seven cervid species. An essential feature of prions lies in their ability to infect some species and not others. This phenomenon, known as a species barrier, seems to be largely dictated by the similarities between the donor (infectious) and recipient prion protein (PrP) sequences. Considering this, some potentially susceptible carnivores are proposed to act as vectors of CWD transmission as they may get infected. Alternatively, predators or scavengers may not get infected but spread infectious particles after they cross their digestive tracts. This project aims to identify the presence of infectious prions in feral hogs living in CWD-endemic areas. To do this, PMCA seeding activity was analyzed on feral hogs tissues such as the brain and retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes using homologous pig PrP substrate or heterologous deer PrP substrate. We furthe!
r injected selected feral hogs tissues into mice expressing the cervid and porcine versions of the prion protein to assess their potential to transmit disease. Our results show positive in vitro PrPSc detection using porcine and cervid substrates. The considerably higher detection using cervid substrate suggests that although feral hogs are exposed to CWD prions, disease transmission is inefficient. Bioassays confirmed these results and demonstrated that the infectivity carried by feral hogs is not enough to induce disease. In summary, these results suggest that feral hogs may play a role in disseminating CWD prions across the landscape.
***> In summary, these results suggest that feral hogs may play a role in disseminating CWD prions across the landscape.
=====END
intcwdsympo.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/final-agenda-with-abstracts.pdf?force_download=true
THURSDAY, MARCH 08, 2018
WILD HOGS AND CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION
i have been worried about this for some time, but i don't see why others are not worried as well. these feral hogs that run rampant across states, can dig up a great deal of territory. what else can they dig up? i.e. CWD TSE PRION, and can they spread cwd tse prion to hell and back?
CWD TO PIGS
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES
Location: Virus and Prion Research
Title: Disease-associated prion protein detected in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the agent of chronic wasting disease
Author item Moore, Sarah item Kunkle, Robert item Kondru, Naveen item Manne, Sireesha item Smith, Jodi item Kanthasamy, Anumantha item West Greenlee, M item Greenlee, Justin
Submitted to: Prion Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication Acceptance Date: 3/15/2017 Publication Date: N/A Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Aims: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a naturally-occurring, fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids. We previously demonstrated that disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) can be detected in the brain and retina from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent. In that study, neurological signs consistent with prion disease were observed only in one pig: an intracranially challenged pig that was euthanized at 64 months post-challenge. The purpose of this study was to use an antigen-capture immunoassay (EIA) and real-time quaking-induced conversion (QuIC) to determine whether PrPSc is present in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the CWD agent.
Methods: At two months of age, crossbred pigs were challenged by the intracranial route (n=20), oral route (n=19), or were left unchallenged (n=9). At approximately 6 months of age, the time at which commercial pigs reach market weight, half of the pigs in each group were culled (<6 challenge="" groups="" month="" pigs="" remaining="" the="">6 month challenge groups) were allowed to incubate for up to 73 months post challenge (mpc). The retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) was screened for the presence of PrPSc by EIA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The RPLN, palatine tonsil, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) from 6-7 pigs per challenge group were also tested using EIA and QuIC.
Results: PrPSc was not detected by EIA and IHC in any RPLNs. All tonsils and MLNs were negative by IHC, though the MLN from one pig in the oral <6 5="" 6="" at="" by="" detected="" eia.="" examined="" group="" in="" intracranial="" least="" lymphoid="" month="" months="" of="" one="" pigs="" positive="" prpsc="" quic="" the="" tissues="" was="">6 months group, 5/6 pigs in the oral <6 4="" and="" group="" months="" oral="">6 months group. Overall, the MLN was positive in 14/19 (74%) of samples examined, the RPLN in 8/18 (44%), and the tonsil in 10/25 (40%). Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that PrPSc accumulates in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged intracranially or orally with the CWD agent, and can be detected as early as 4 months after challenge.
CWD-infected pigs rarely develop clinical disease and if they do, they do so after a long incubation period. This raises the possibility that CWD-infected pigs could shed prions into their environment long before they develop clinical disease.
Furthermore, lymphoid tissues from CWD-infected pigs could present a potential source of CWD infectivity in the animal and human food chains.
www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=337105
CONFIDENTIAL
EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
While this clearly is a cause for concern we should not jump to the conclusion that this means that pigs will necessarily be infected by bone and meat meal fed by the oral route as is the case with cattle. ...
web.archive.org/web/20031026000118/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/08/23004001.pdf
we cannot rule out the possibility that unrecognised subclinical spongiform encephalopathy could be present in British pigs though there is no evidence for this: only with parenteral/implantable pharmaceuticals/devices is the theoretical risk to humans of sufficient concern to consider any action.
web.archive.org/web/20030822031154/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/10007001.pdf
Our records show that while some use is made of porcine materials in medicinal products, the only products which would appear to be in a hypothetically ''higher risk'' area are the adrenocorticotrophic hormone for which the source material comes from outside the United Kingdom, namely America China Sweden France and Germany. The products are manufactured by Ferring and Armour. A further product, ''Zenoderm Corium implant'' manufactured by Ethicon, makes use of porcine skin - which is not considered to be a ''high risk'' tissue, but one of its uses is described in the data sheet as ''in dural replacement''. This product is sourced from the United Kingdom.....
web.archive.org/web/20030822054419/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/21009001.pdf
snip...see much more here ;
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 05, 2017
Disease-associated prion protein detected in lymphoid tissues from pigs challenged with the agent of chronic wasting disease
Snip…see;
THURSDAY, MARCH 08, 2018
Cervid, Wild Hogs, Coyotes, Wolves, Cats, Rodents, Gut Piles and Scavengers, A Potential Risk as Regards Disease Transmission CWD TSE Prion
chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/cervid-wild-hogs-coyotes-wolves-cats.html
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.